TREE TOPOLOGY

Also known as a star bus topology, tree topology is one of the most common types of network setups that is similar to a bus topology and a star topology. A tree topology connects multiple star networks to other star networks. Below is a visual example of a simple computer setup on a network using the star topology.In the example picture if the main cable or trunk between each of the two star topology networks failed, those networks would be unable to communicate with each other. However, computers on the same star topology would still be able to communicate with each other.

MESH TOPOLOGY

A type of network setup where each of the computers and network devices are interconnected with one another, allowing for most transmissions to be distributed, even if one of the connections go down. This type of topology is not commonly used for most computer networks as it is difficult and expensive to have redundant connection to every computer. However, this type of topology is commonly used for wireless networks. Below is a visual example of a simple computer setup on a network using a mesh topology

UNSHIELDED

SHIELDED

Business to consumer(B2C),business to business (B2B),consumer to consumer(C2C)

Business-to-consumer

Business-to-consumer (B2C, sometimes also called Business-to-Customer) describes activities of businesses serving end consumers with products and/or services.

An example of a B2C transaction would be a person buying a pair of shoes from a retailer. The transactions that led to the shoes being available for purchase, that is the purchase of the leather, laces, rubber, etc. as well as the sale of the shoe from the shoemaker to the retailer would be considered (B2B) transactions.

Business-to-business

Business-to-business (B2B) describes commerce transactions between businesses, such as between a manufacturer and a wholesaler, or between a wholesaler and a retailer.

The volume of B2B transactions is much higher than the volume of B2C transactions. The primary reason for this is that in a typical supply chain there will be many B2B transactions involving subcomponent or raw materials, and only one B2C transaction, specifically sale of the finished product to the end customer. For example, an automobile manufacturer makes several B2B transactions such as buying tires, glass for windshields, and rubber hoses for its vehicles. The final transaction, a finished vehicle sold to the consumer, is a single (B2C) transaction.

Etymology

The term "business-to-business" was originally coined to describe the electronic communications between businesses or enterprises in order to distinguish it from the communications between businesses and consumers (B2C). It eventually came to be used in marketing as well, initially describing only industrial or capital goods marketing. Today it is widely used to describe all products and services used by enterprises. Many professional institutions and the trade publications focus much more on B2C than B2B. This is a strange development as most sales and marketing people work in B2B.

Consumer-to-consumer

Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) (or citizen-to-citizen) electronic commerce involves the electronically-facilitated transactions between consumers through some third party. A common example is the online auction, in which a consumer posts an item for sale and other consumers bid to purchase it; the third party generally charges a flat fee or commission. The sites are only intermediaries, just there to match consumers. They do not have to check quality of the products being offered.

Examples of C2C

• eBay


• Craigslist


• Amazon.com

This type of e-commerce is expected to increase in the future because it cuts out the costs of using another company. An example on how it could change in the future from Management Information Systems, if you are driving around in a car, someone having a garage sale can transmit to your GPS advertising their garage sale. This will reach a larger population than just signs.

• No quality control


• No payment guarantee


• Hard to pay for using cheques, ATM cards, etc. but in the future this is likely to change.

Universities

C2C are becoming more popular amongst students in universities because these are large communities in the same geographical region that are low on money. So they are looking for deals very often and these kinds of websites offer this. Universities themselves set up places for students to sell textbooks and other stuff to other students, you can even advertise that you are subletting your apartment. An example of this from above is Tiger books and Dalhousie University Classifieds, both of these are put together by the school itself for the students

MY EG PORTAL AND RILEK PORTAL

MY EG PORTAL

In the EG portal,there are many services which prepared to the society.For the example:

1. Employment-Job application Via The JobsMalaysia(Labour Department)



2. Traffic Summons-Check and Pay Traffic Summons(Road Transport Department)



3. Employment-Job Application( for Public Service) (Public Service Commission) (SPA)



4. EPF-EPF Account Statement Enquiries(Employee Provident Fund)



5. Tax- e-filing Income Tax Form (e-Hasil System) (Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia)



6. Building by law-renovations of existing structure (Miri City Council)



7. Building by law-edorsement on plans(Miri City Council)



8. Building by law-completion of setting out(Miri City Council)



9. Building by law-completion of excavation for foundation(Miri City Council)



10. Building by law-commencement of building operation (Miri City Council)
    

RILEK PORTAL

eServices with RILEK

eServices is one of the six Malaysia’s Electronic Government Flagship Applications. In conjunction with the said initiative, KOMMS introduces RILEK to provide innovative online solutions and direct system linkages to JPJ, TNB, Telekom and various financial institutions. These provide us an edge in online payment authorization and multiple services integration.

RILEK provides different options for you, either through our user-friendly kiosks located widely, our website at www.rilek.com.my or RILEK Center, within one host; serving the same purpose.

RILEK is the revolutionary way to perform all your Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan (JPJ), Telekom Malaysia Berhad (TMB) transactions electronically via various delivery channels.

RILEK offers JPJ Driving Licensing services, summons payment and inquiries on Kejara Points. Our services include electronic utility bill payment for TNB and Telekom bills. You can complete all your billing payments and inquiries from anywhere.